Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 43
Filter
1.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424431

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Questions about the safety of food additives and their consumption have been raised in recent years. The increased exposure to these substances, either by intake of ultra-processed foods or by the broad use and combination of various categories of additives, may be related to higher risks to consumer health. This article comments on the results of a study that quantified and characterized food additives found on the labels of 9,856 packaged foods and beverages available in Brazilian supermarkets. The study adopted a field diary method to record and analyze nonconformities in the lists of ingredients. The objective of this article is to discuss the use of additives identified on the labels and the limitations of Brazilian legislation, which should guarantee the right to information and health.


RESUMO Nos últimos tempos, questões vêm sendo levantadas sobre a segurança no uso de aditivos alimentares e em seu consumo. verificou-se que o aumento da exposição a essas substâncias, seja pela ingestão mais frequente de alimentos ultraprocessados ou pela ampla utilização e combinação de várias categorias de aditivos pela indústria, pode estar relacionado ao maior risco à saúde do consumidor. Um estudo quantificou e caracterizou aditivos alimentares encontrados nos rótulos de 9.856 alimentos e bebidas embalados disponíveis nos supermercados brasileiros. nele, foi adotado um diário de campo para registro de falhas e inconformidades nas informações presentes nas listas de ingredientes, sendo, por fim, analisadas qualitativamente e descritas de forma narrativa. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste comentário é apresentar e discutir o uso desses aditivos identificados nos rótulos e as limitações da legislação brasileira, que deveria garantir o direito à informação e a saúde da população.


Subject(s)
Nutritional Facts , Food Additives/adverse effects , Food Labeling/legislation & jurisprudence
2.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 56: 1-22, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1377227

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To discuss the context of scientific publications on the consumption of food additives by children and the possible health consequences in this age group. METHODS A literature review, with a search carried out between April 2020 and April 2021 in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases, as well as in websites of Brazilian and foreign official bodies. Official documents and studies published since 2000 were selected. Keywords related to food additives, children, food consumption, and health were used for the search. RESULTS Food additives are substances intentionally added to foods for technological purposes. Processed foods are the main sources of additives in food and their consumption occurs since childhood. It is observed, however, that there are limitations inherent to the scientific method regarding the analysis of consumption and toxicity of food additives in humans, causing scarcity of data in the scientific literature. Additionally, existing data suggest that the additives have a higher toxic potential in children, considering that the body weight in this age group is lower than in adults. This context emphasizes the need to observe the precautionary principle, according to which risks of harm must be prevented. CONCLUSIONS This is a scenario in which the literature points to a risk to people's health and, in particular, to children, about whom the duty of protection must be even greater, with absolute priority. Thus, the relevance of an expanded technical-scientific debate regarding the establishment of specific and stricter parameters for children is considered, regarding the consumption and toxicity of additives, as well as the different sources of exposure to these substances.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Discutir o contexto das publicações científicas sobre consumo de aditivos alimentares por crianças e as possíveis consequências à saúde nessa faixa etária. MÉTODOS Revisão de literatura, com busca realizada entre abril de 2020 e abril de 2021 nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed e Google Acadêmico, bem como em sites de órgãos oficiais brasileiros e estrangeiros. Foram selecionados documentos oficiais e estudos publicados a partir do ano 2000. Para a busca, foram utilizados unitermos relacionados a aditivos alimentares, crianças, consumo alimentar e saúde. RESULTADOS Aditivos alimentares são substâncias adicionadas intencionalmente aos alimentos para fins tecnológicos. Os alimentos industrializados são as principais fontes de aditivos na alimentação e seu consumo ocorre desde a infância. Observa-se, contudo, que há limitações inerentes ao método científico no que tange à análise de consumo e de toxicidade de aditivos alimentares em humanos, ocasionando escassez de dados na literatura científica. Adicionalmente, dados existentes sugerem que os aditivos apresentam potencial tóxico maior em crianças, considerando que o peso corporal nessa faixa etária é menor em relação ao adulto. Esse contexto ressalta a necessidade de se observar o princípio da precaução, segundo o qual devem-se prevenir os riscos de dano. CONCLUSÕES Trata-se de cenário no qual a literatura aponta risco à saúde das pessoas e, em especial, das crianças, cujo dever de proteção deve ser ainda maior, com absoluta prioridade. Assim, pondera-se a relevância de um debate técnico-científico ampliado quanto ao estabelecimento de parâmetros específicos e mais rígidos para crianças, considerando consumo e toxicidade de aditivos, bem como as diversas fontes de exposição a essas substâncias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Fast Foods , Food Additives/adverse effects , Brazil
3.
Cell Journal [Yakhteh]. 2017; 18 (4): 493-502
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-185775

ABSTRACT

Objective: Today, esophageal cancer [EC] has become one of the most common cancer types in China. Therefore, new drug and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve postoperative survival rate of patients with EC. As a food additive, several lines of evidence have shown that citric acid can be served as glycolysis suppressor to inhibit growth of some tumor cells. However, little is known about the effect of this organic acid on the growth of human esophageal carcinoma cell line, EC109


Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, cell proliferation rate was determined using MTT assay. Apoptotic morphological changes were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy using Hoechst 33258 staining. Cell apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential [MMP] were detected using flow-cytometry. Effect of citric acid on cellular membrane permeability was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] activity, using LDH assay kit


Results: Compared to the control group, there was a marked decrease in cells proliferation when the cells were treated with higher citric acid concentrations [800, 1600 micro g/ml]. Typical apoptotic morphology of EC109 cells was observed upon treatment with citric acid, such as chromatin condensation and appearance of apoptotic body. Cell apoptotic indexes were significantly increased [P<0.01] after treatment with citric acid at the concentration of 400-1600 micro g/ml. Extracellular LDH activity and loss of MMP in all of the treated groups were significantly higher than control [P<0.05], in a dose-dependent manner


Conclusion: These results suggest that citric acid prevents EC109 cell growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, which perhaps offers some theoretical guidance for its application in EC treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Additives/adverse effects , Cell Division , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
4.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 8(4): 5045-5053, out.-dez. 2016. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-831407

ABSTRACT

Objective: Evaluating the knowledge among Nutrition and Nursing graduate students of a public university regarding the dietary practices in relation to the consumption of food colorings and their health risks. Methods: this is a quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study in which a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to new graduate students of the Nursing and Nutrition courses at a public university. Results: the study showed that the knowledge concerning healthy eating is not clear to graduates yet, and the excessive consumption of food colorings through goodies are still present in their daily diet. Graduates admit the existence of adverse effects caused by the dyes and industrialized products, even though the knowledge about the additives is not clear. Reading and understanding the labels was not really clarifying, mainly by inefficient information on the packages and a lack of reliability from the manufacturer. Conclusion: actions regarding clarification on these products’ information are required.


Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento entre os graduandos de Nutrição e Enfermagem de uma universidade pública quanto às praticas alimentares em relação ao consumo de corantes e seus riscos à saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal quanti-qualitativo onde foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado aos graduandos ingressantes no curso de Nutrição e Enfermagem de uma universidade pública. Resultados: o estudo mostrou que o conhecimento de alimentação saudável ainda não está claro para os graduandos e que o consumo de corantes é excessivo através de guloseimas que ainda se fazem presentes na alimentação. Os graduandos admitem a existência de efeitos adversos causados pelos corantes e pelos produtos industrializados, mesmo que o conhecimento sobre os aditivos ainda não esteja claro. A leitura e compreensão dos rótulos foram inadequadas, principalmente por deficiência de informações da embalagem e confiabilidade no fabricante. Conclusão: considera-se que ações de esclarecimentos quando às informações destes produtos são necessárias.


Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento entre los graduandos de Nutrición y Enfermería de una universidad pública cuánto a las prácticas alimentares en relación al consumo de colorantes y sus riesgos para la salud. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal cuanti-cualitativo en el cual fue aplicado un cuestionario semi-estructurado a los graduandos ingresantes en el curso de Nutrición y Enfermería de una universidad pública. Resultados: el estudio mostró que el conocimiento acerca de la alimentación saludable aún no está claro para los graduandos y que el consumo de colorantes es excesivo, a través de dulces que todavía se encuentran en la alimentación. Los graduandos admiten la existencia de efectos adversos causados por los colorantes y por los productos industrializados, por más más que el conocimiento acerca de los aditivos aún no estea claro. La lectura y la comprensión de los rótulos fueron inadecuadas, principalmente por deficiencia de información en el embalaje y la confiabilidad en el fabricante. Conclusión: se considera que son necesarias acciones que aclaren las informaciones de estos productos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Additives/adverse effects , Food Coloring Agents/adverse effects , Students, Health Occupations , Students, Nursing , Feeding Behavior , Brazil
5.
Clinics ; 67(10): 1209-1214, Oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653486

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic function in a rodent obesity model induced by monosodium glutamate injections during the first seven days of life. METHOD: The animals were assigned to control (control, n = 10) and monosodium glutamate (monosodium glutamate, n = 13) groups. Thirty-three weeks after birth, arterial and venous catheters were implanted for arterial pressure measurements, drug administration, and blood sampling. Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated according to the tachycardic and bradycardic responses induced by sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine infusion, respectively. Sympathetic and vagal effects were determined by administering methylatropine and propranolol. RESULTS: Body weight, Lee index, and epididymal white adipose tissue values were higher in the monosodium glutamate group in comparison to the control group. The monosodium glutamate-treated rats displayed insulin resistance, as shown by a reduced glucose/insulin index (-62.5%), an increased area under the curve of total insulin secretion during glucose overload (39.3%), and basal hyperinsulinemia. The mean arterial pressure values were higher in the monosodium glutamate rats, whereas heart rate variability (>7 times), bradycardic responses (>4 times), and vagal (~38%) and sympathetic effects (~36%) were reduced as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that obesity induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment impairs cardiac autonomic function and most likely contributes to increased arterial pressure and insulin resistance.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects , Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/drug effects , Food Additives/adverse effects , Heart/drug effects , Obesity/chemically induced , Sodium Glutamate/adverse effects , Animals, Newborn , Arterial Pressure/drug effects , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Heart Rate/drug effects , Heart/physiopathology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Insulin Resistance , Insulin/blood , Obesity/physiopathology , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
6.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2010. 138 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-591570

ABSTRACT

O consumo de aditivos alimentares está associado a comportamentos e estilos de vida adotados pela sociedade moderna. Diversos estudos têm comprovado algumas reações adversas aos aditivos, notadamente corantes artificiais, como alergias, alterações neurocomportamentais, e carcinogenicidade. Crianças são particularmente vulneráveis,em razão de: a quantidade ingerida ser, em relação ao peso corporal, maior na criança do que no adulto; essas substâncias serem metabolizadas e excretadas de forma ineficazdevido á imaturidade fisiológica da criança; e o fato de crianças não apresentarem capacidade de autocontrole no consumo de alimentos ricos em aditivos. O presente estudo analisa a percepção de riscos de mães de pré-escolares do município de Mesquita, RJ, em relação ao consumo infantil de corantes. Caracteriza-se como estudo quanti-qualitativo, de triangulação metodológica que incluiu: identificação de perigos associados ao consumo de aditivos alimentares, através de revisão sistemática da literatura; caracterização do consumo de aditivos alimentares pelos pré-escolares, por meio de questionário de freqüência alimentar; e análise da percepção de riscos, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas baseada na teoria cultural da percepção de riscos. Resultados mostraram um consumo elevado de alimentos com corantes por préescolares. Tal fato apresentou relação com a baixa percepção de riscos, por parte das mães, quanto aos efeitos nocivos desses aditivos sobre a saúde de seus filhos...


The consumption of food additives is associated with behavior and lifestyles adopted by modern society. Several studies have shown some adverse reactions to additives such as allergies, neurobehavioral changes, and carcinogenicity. Children are particularlyvulnerable due to: the amount ingested being, in relation to body weight, higher in children than in adults; these substances are metabolized and excreted inefficiently due to physiological immaturity of the child; and children don´t have the ability to refraintheir consumption of foods high in additives. This study examines risk perception of preschoolers’ mothers from Mesquita, RJ, in relation to consumption of food additives. The study is characterized as quanti-qualitative, based on methodological triangulation,including: hazard identification associated with consumption of food additives by systematic review of the literature; characterizing the consumption of food colorants bypreschoolers through a food frequency questionnaire; and analysis of risk perception, through semi-structured based on the cultural theory of risk perception. Results showed a high consumption of foods with additives by preschoolers. This fact was related to alow risk perception, on the part of mothers, about the harmful effects of additives on their children’s health. An explanation for this low perception is the fact that most mothers do not read the labels on food products and, when they do, they do not understand the information contained therein. It emphasizes, based on the results of thestudy, the importance of generating public policies that guarantee high-quality of food. It is a matter of citizenship to access information about the product, as well as the adverse health effects caused by substances contained in foods. Accordingly, thelabeling of food should subsidize consumers in choosing the product ensuring food security and nutrition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Food Additives/adverse effects , Child Welfare , Child, Preschool , Feeding Behavior , Perception , Brazil , Food Security , Industrialized Foods , Risk Factors
7.
Cad. saúde pública ; 25(8): 1653-1666, ago. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-520758

ABSTRACT

Este estudo visa a contextualizar por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, os riscos acarretados pelo consumo de aditivos alimentares. Em relação aos resultados dos estudos associando o consumo de aditivos ao aparecimento do câncer, os efeitos adversos à saúde foram observados principalmente nos estudos em que a Ingestão Diária Aceitável (IDA) foi excedida. Também apontou uma carência de pesquisas sobre o transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. Já em relação à hipersensibilidade não específica, o número de estudos foi significativo e os resultados mais consistentes quanto às manifestações clínicas de rinite, urticária e angioedema provocadas pelos aditivos, em particular pelos os corantes artificiais. As crianças aparecem como grupo vulnerável, em razão do consumo potencial de alimentos com aditivos alimentares, particularmente corantes artificiais. Os resultados indicam que estudos de consumo de aditivos alimentares deveriam servir de base para a elaboração de estratégias de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, com a finalidade de promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis.


This study uses a systematic literature review to contextualize the risks associated with food additive intake. Studies comparing food additive intake and cancer showed that adverse health effects appeared when Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) was exceeded. The review also detected a lack of studies on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. There were more studies on non-specific hypersensitivity, highlighting such clinical manifestations as rhinitis, urticaria, and angioedema, all associated with food additives, particularly artificial colorants. Children are a vulnerable group as potential consumers of food additives, particularly artificial colorants. Studies on food additive intake should provide the basis for effective food and nutritional surveillance strategies, aiming to promote healthy eating habits.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/chemically induced , Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology , Food Additives/adverse effects , Neoplasms/chemically induced , Brazil , Child Day Care Centers , Food Additives/administration & dosage , Health Behavior , Infant Welfare , Public Health , Risk Factors
8.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology. 2009; 39 (3): 1015-1032
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-145630

ABSTRACT

The effect of sodium benzoate [SB] on the pathogenesis of Hymenolepis nana [H. nana] and its neurological manifestations was studied in the present work. One hundred and thirty five mice were classified into three groups. GI: received SB alone, GII: received SB before and after infection with H. nana and GIII: infected with H. nana. All groups were subjected to parasitological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical assays. The results revealed a significant decrease in TL-4 serum level with a significant increase in gamma amino butyric acid [GABA] and decrease in zinc brain levels in GI, while GII showed non significant increase in IL-4 level that resulted in a highly significant increase in the mean number of cysticercoids and adult worms with delayed expulsion as compared to GIII. This was reflected on histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in the brain. Also, there was a highly significant increase in GABA and decrease in zinc brain levels in GII to the degree that induced behavioral changes. This emphasizes the possible synergistic effect of SB on the neurological manifestations of H. nana and could, in part, explain the increased incidence of behavioral changes in children exposed to high doses of SB and unfortunately have H. nana infection


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Hymenolepiasis/physiopathology , Food Additives/adverse effects , Sodium Benzoate/adverse effects , Interleukin-4/blood , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/blood , Zinc , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Mice
9.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 11(2): 153-165, jul.-dez. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-536968

ABSTRACT

El selenio (Se) es un mineral esencial en la nutrición animal y se considera su participación en diversos procesos asociados a la producción animal, tan diversos como la fertilidad de la especie y la prevención de enfermedades. Laglutatión-peroxidasa (GSH-Px), fue la primera enzima en que se demostró la presencia activa del selenio y su importancia al evitar el daño oxidativo de las membranas celulares. Con anterioridad se había demostrado que la conocida como “Enfermedad del músculo blanco” era consecuencia de la deficiencia de Se, determinando muerte en animales recién nacidos y ocasionalmente en animales en desarrollo y aún en adultos, en particular en rumiantes. Actualmente ha quedado claro que el Se también es crítico en la estructuración de las enzimas necesarias para la síntesis de la hormona tiroidea y para su activaciónen los tejidos periféricos, pasando de T4 a T3. La deficiencia de Se afecta seriamente la capacidad de respuesta inmune de los animales. El diagnóstico de la deficiencia debe fundamentarse en los niveles del elemento en los suelos, las plantas forrajeras y la condición del animal en sangre y tejidos. Se han instrumentado diversas formas de suplementación del elemento que pueden emplearse dependiendo de las condiciones productivas de los animales y sus niveles previos de Se. La intoxicación por Se (Selenosis) debe tenerse en cuenta en los programas de suplementación, y puede ocurrir en formas crónicas o agudas. Las formas crónicas ocurren en regiones con suelos ricos en el elemento y condiciones que favorecen su absorción por las plantas forrajeras. Las formas agudas generalmente ocurren por excesos del elemento en las dietas o las sales que se administran a los animales o por errores de dosificación en las formulaciones parenterales. La relación metabólica del Se entre la hembra gestante, el feto y el recién nacido, es un área que requiere mayor investigación.


O selênio (Se) é um mineral essencial na nutrição animal e se considera sua participação em diversos processos associados à produção animal, tão diversos como na fertilidade das espécies e prevenção de enfermidades. A glutation peroxidase (GSH-Px), foi a primeira enzima em que se demonstrou a presença ativa do selênio e sua importância para evitar o dano oxidativo nas membranas celulares. Anteriormente sabia-se que a “enfermidade do músculo branco” era conseqüência da deficiência de Se, determinando a morte em animais recém-nascidos e ocasionalmente em animais em desenvolvimento, animais adultos e em particular em ruminantes. Atualmente, está claro que o Se é crítico na estruturação das enzimas necessáriaspara a síntese de hormônios da tireóide e para sua ativação nos tecidos periféricos, passando de T3 a T4. A deficiência de Se afeta seriamente a capacidade da resposta imune dos animais. O diagnóstico da deficiência deve fundamentar-se nos níveis deste elemento no solo, nas plantas forrageiras e nas condições do animal. Indicam-se diversas formas de suplementação deste elemento, que podem ser empregadas dependendo das condições produtivas dos animais e seus níveis prévios de Se. As intoxicações por Se (selenose), devem ser consideradas nos programas de suplementação, que pode ocorrer de forma crônica ou aguda. As formas crônicas ocorrem em regiões com solos ricos no elemento e nas condições que favorecem a absorção pelas plantas forrageiras. As formas agudas geralmente ocorrem por excesso do elemento nas dietas, ou sais administrados aos animais ou por erros na dosagem das formulações parenterais. A relação metabólica do Se na fêmea gestante, o feto e orecém-nascido, é uma área que requer uma maior investigação.


Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animal nutrition and plays multiple actions related to animal production, fertility and prevention of diseases. Glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px) was the first seleno enzyme to demonstrate the active presence of selenium and its importance to prevent cellular membrane oxidative damage. Formerly, White muscle disease (WMD) was recognized as resulting from Se deficiency, determining new born mortality and adult animals, especially in ruminants. Nowadays, it is clear that Se is critical for thyroid hormone synthesis and its activation in peripheral tissues – from T3 to T4. Lack of Se seriously affects the capacity of immune response by the animals. Se status in the soil, plants, animal blood and tissues can be used as a tool to diagnose Se deficiency. Several forms of Se supplementation are described which can be applied depending of the productive capacity of the animals and their previous levels of Se. Acute and chronic Se intoxication (Selenosis) should be considered in supplementation programs as it may occur in a chronic or acute way. Chronic forms are associated to regional seleniferous soils, with permanent or repeated consumption of seleniferous plants. Acute forms are associated with high ingestion of Se as a result of wrongly designed diets, salt provided to the animals or parenteral injection dosage mistakes. The metabolic relation among Se, the fetus, the newborn and the pregnant dam requires further investigations.


Subject(s)
Animals , Food Additives/adverse effects , Veterinary Medicine , Selenium/deficiency , Selenium/adverse effects , Selenium/toxicity
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(5): 1150-1156, out. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500083

ABSTRACT

Os valores de materia seca (MS), pH, teores de N-NH3/NT, ácidos orgânicos e etanol, de silagens de cana-de-açúcar foram determinados, em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos aplicados à silagens foram: sem aditivo, testemunha (T); 0,5 por cento de uréia (U); 0,5 por cento de zeólita (Z); 0,5 por cento de uréia mais 0,5 por cento de zeólita (U+Z); inoculante bacteriano/enzimático Bio Max® cana (IBB) e inoculante bacteriano Silobac® (IBS). As silagens foram analisadas aos 56 dias após ensilagem. Os tratamentos U e U+Z apresentaram concentrações médias de ácido lático mais altas que o T, respectivamente 8,9 e 4,7g por cento. Os teores de etanol das silagens aditivadas foram semelhantes aos do tratamento T, respectivamente 12,4 e 12,9g por cento, sugerindo que não houve redução da fermentação alcoólica no material tratado. Com exceção da uréia, nenhum dos outros aditivos utilizados neste experimento promoveu melhoria de parâmetros qualitativos das silagens avaliadas. O efeito benéfico da uréia sobre a qualidade da silagem de cana parece ter sido limitado, não suprimindo a ocorrência do processo de fermentação alcoólica no material.


The values of dry matter (DM), pH, amoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen (N-NH3/NT), organic acids, and ethanol of sugar cane silages were determined using a randomized blocks design. The treatment were: no addtitive (control); 0.5 percent urea (U); 0.5 percent zeolite (Z); 0.5 percent urea plus 0.5 percent zeolite (U+Z); Bio Max® (IBB), and Silobac® (IBS). Silages were analyzed on the 56th day after ensiling. The U and U+Z treatments showed high latic acid concentrations in relation to control, respectively 8.9 and 4.7g percent. The average ethanol contents of the treated silages were similar to control, respectively 12.4 and 12.9g percent, suggesting no reduction of the alcoholic fermentation process in treated materials. Additives used in this experiment did not enhance the qualitative parameters of the silages except for urea treated silages. It was concluded that the beneficial effect of urea on the quality of the sugar cane silages in the conditions of this experiment is limited, not suppressing the occurrence of the alcoholic fermentation process in the material.


Subject(s)
Food Additives/adverse effects , Fermentation , Saccharum , Silage/adverse effects , Urea
11.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(5): 1205-1212, out. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500090

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito de dietas contendo diferentes proporções de resíduo úmido de cervejaria sobre o consumo de nutrientes e o ganho de peso de cordeiros terminados em confinamento, e realizou-se uma análise econômica da alimentação oferecida aos animais. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros, machos, não-castrados, da raça Texel, distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos compostos por proporções de 0 por cento, 25 por cento, 50 por cento, 75 por cento e 100 por cento de substituição do alimento concentrado por resíduo úmido de cervejaria. Verificou-se efeito quadrático sobre os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo (EE) e de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), e linear decrescente sobre os consumos de carboidratos totais (CHT) e de carboidratos não estruturais (CNE), quando expressos em kg/dia. Os consumos de EE e de FDN aumentaram linearmente, e os de CNE diminuíram linearmente, quando expressos em porcentagem do peso vivo e em g/kg PV0,75. O consumo de energia líquida, o ganho de peso diário e o custo da alimentação diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da proporção de resíduo úmido de cervejaria. Não foi verificado efeito sobre o lucro relacionado à venda dos animais vivos ou à venda das carcaças.


The effect of diets with different proportions of wet brewery residue on the nutrient intake and the weight gain of feedlot lambs in phase of termination were determined. An economic analysis of the food given to the animals was also performed. Twenty-five non-castrated Texel male lambs were randomly allotted into five groups, consisting in the replacement of the concentrate by wet brewery residue; at proportions of 0 percent, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, and 100 percent. The results of the test revealed a quadratic effect on the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF); and a linear decreasing effect on intake of total carbohydrate (TCH), and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC), expressed in kg/day. The intakes of EE and NDF showed a linear increase and NSC intake showed a linear decrease, expressed in percentage of live weight ( percent LW) and g/kg LW.0.75 The consume of net energy (NE), daily weight gain, and feed cost showed a linear decrease with the increase in the proportion of wet brewery residue. It was not verified effect on profits related to the sales of the live animals or the sale of the carcasses.


Subject(s)
Animals , Food Additives/adverse effects , Food Economics , Nutrients/adverse effects , Industrial Waste/adverse effects , Sheep , Weight Gain
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(5): 1213-1218, out. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500091

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito de dietas contendo proporções crescentes de resíduo úmido de cervejaria sobre o peso e proporção dos componentes do peso vivo de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros, machos, não-castrados, da raça Texel, distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos compostos por proporções de 0 por cento, 25 por cento, 50 por cento, 75 por cento e 100 por cento de substituição do alimento concentrado por resíduo úmido de cervejaria. Utilizou-se dieta composta de feno de Tifton-85 e mistura concentrada em uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 40:60, na matéria seca. O alimento concentrado foi constituído por milho desintegrado, farelo de soja, mistura mineral e resíduo úmido de cervejaria, sendo que suas proporções variaram de acordo com os tratamentos. Houve redução linear dos pesos de sangue, patas, cabeça, fígado, pulmão e baço, e da proporção de fígado, à medida que se elevou a proporção do resíduo úmido de cervejaria nas dietas. A proporção, em relação ao peso vivo, de rúmen/retículo e do trato gastrintestinal, com conteúdo, e do conteúdo gastrintestinal aumentou linearmente, enquanto os pesos de rúmen/retículo, abomaso, intestino delgado e do trato gastrintestinal, sem conteúdo, diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da proporção do resíduo nas dietas. A proporção de rúmen/retículo, sem conteúdo, foi influenciada de forma quadrática.


The effect of diets with increasing proportions of wet brewery residue on the weight and proportion of live weight components of feedlot finished lambs was evaluated. Twenty-five non-castrated Texel male lambs were randomly allotted into five groups, consisting in the replacement of the concentrate by wet brewery residue; at the proportions of 0 percent, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, and 100 percent. Diet composition was Tifton-85 hay and concentrate mixture, in a relation roughage:concentrate of 40:60, based on dry matter (DM). The concentrate was composed of ground corn, soybean meal, mineral mix and wet brewery residue, and its proportions varied in accordance with the treatments. There was a linear decrease in weights of blood, legs, head, liver, lungs, and spleen, and liver proportion, with the increase of the proportion of wet brewery residue on the diets. The proportion, in relation to live weight, of rumen/reticulum and of gastrointestinal tract with content, and the gastrointestinal tract content showed a linear increase; while the weights of rumen/reticulum, abomasum, small intestine, and gastrointestinal tract without content showed a linear decrease with the increase of wet brewery residue in the diets. A quadratic effect was observed in the proportion of rumen/reticulum without content.


Subject(s)
Animals , Food Additives/adverse effects , Food Economics , Nutrients/adverse effects , Industrial Waste/adverse effects , Sheep , Weight Gain
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(5): 1219-1226, out. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500092

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a evolução do peso testicular de cordeiros Santa Inês, alimentados com diferentes níveis de energia. Foram utilizados 64 cordeiros, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: A - 8,7 por cento; B - 17,3 por cento; C - 26,0 por cento e D - 34,7 por cento de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), proveniente da forragem na dieta, determinando a variação no consumo de energia metabolizável. Quatro animais de cada tratamento foram abatidos nas idades pré-determinadas de 43, 83, 123 e 173 dias de idade. Os testículos foram separados dos respectivos epidídimos e pesados separadamente. Os animais que receberam as dietas A e B foram os que apresentaram maior consumo de energia metabolizável (14,11Mcal/PV0,75), os mais pesados (18,89kg e 17,09kg, respectivamente) e os de maiores pesos dos testiculos (62,54g e 27,16g, respectivamente), indicando que o desenvolvimento testicular é altamente dependente do desenvolvimento corporal e da quantidade de energia metabolizável consumida. A predição do peso dos testículos por meio da circunferência escrotal mostrou ser mais eficiente do que por meio da idade e do peso vivo dos animais.


The development of the testicule weight of Santa Inês lambs, fed different energy levels, was evaluated. Sixty-four lambs were distributed in four treatments: A - 8.7 percent; B - 17.3 percent; C - 26.0 percent and D - 34.7 percent of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) supplied by the diet forage, determining the variation of the metabolizable energy intake. Four animals from each treatment were slaughtered at pre-defined ages of 43 days, 83 days, 123 days and 173 days. After slaughtering, the testicles were separated from the epididimous and individually weighted. The animals fed diets A and B presented higher metabolizable energy intake (14.11Mcal/LW0.75), higher live weight (18.89kg and 17.09kg, respectively) and higher testicules weight (62.54g and 27.16g, respectively), indicating that the testicular development is highly dependent on the body development and the quantity of metabolizable energy intake. The prediction of the testicules weight by the scrotal circumference showed to be more efficient than the age or the live weight of the animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Food Additives/adverse effects , Energy Metabolism , Sheep , Testis/anatomy & histology , Weight Gain
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(5): 1227-1233, out. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500093

ABSTRACT

O desempenho, o peso de alguns órgãos e a morfologia vulvar de leitoas pré-púberes, alimentadas por 28 dias com dietas contendo zearalenona, foram avaliados. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tratamentos, dieta controle (DC) e dieta controle + 2mg kg-1 de zearalenona (DZ), e seis repetições cada. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para consumo médio diário de ração (1,24 x 1,19kg), ganho médio diário de peso (0,68 x 0,71kg), conversão alimentar (1,86 x 1,71) e peso vivo (PV); (30,9 x 30,4kg). A zearalenona não alterou (P>0,05) os pesos absoluto e relativo do coração (137 x 141g e 0,45 x 0,45 por cento PV), fígado (699 x 699g e 2,31 x 2,26 por centoPV), rins (47 x 49g e 0,15 x 0,16 por centoPV) e baço (166 x 171g e 0,55 x 0,55 por centoPV). Houve aumento (P<0,05) no comprimento (17 x 27cm) e no peso (23 x 157g e 0,07 x 0,51 por centoPV) do trato reprodutivo das leitoas do grupo DZ. O volume vulvar ao final do período foi 820 por cento maior (P<0,05) nos animais alimentados com zearalenona (941 x 8658mm³/kgPV0,6). Os resultados indicam que em suínos a zearalenona e seus metabólitos possuem atividade estrogênica, mas não interferem no desempenho dos animais.


The performance, the weights of some organs, and the vulvae morphology in pre-pubertal gilts fed diets containing zearalenone were evaluated during 28 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (control diet, ZD - control diet + 2mg kg-1 of zearalenone) and six replications of each were done. No differences (P>0.05) between treatments for daily feed intake (1.24 x 1.19kg), average daily gain (0.68 x 0.71kg), feed conversion ratio (1.86 x 1.71), and live weight (30.9 x 30.4kg) were observed. Zearalenone did not change (P>0.05) the absolute and relative weights of heart (137 x 141g and 0.45 x 0.45 percentBW), liver (699 x 699g and 2.31 x 2.26 percentBW), kidneys (47 x 49g and 0.15 x 0.16 percentBW), and spleen (166 x 171g and 0.55 x 0.55 percent BW). However, zearalenone increased (P<0.05) the length (17 x 27cm) and weight (23 x 157g and 0.07 x 0.51 percentBW) of the reproductive tract. The final vulvae volume was 820 percent larger (P<0.05) in gilts fed diets containing zearalenone than those fed control diet (941 x 8658mm³/kgBW0.6). Results suggested that zearalenone and its metabolites have an estrogenic activity in pigs without changing the animal performance.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Food Additives/adverse effects , Energy Metabolism , Swine , Weight Gain , Zearalenone/adverse effects
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(3): 691-697, jun. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-487916

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da adição de propilenoglicol e/ou monensina sobre a degradabilidade média e efetiva dos carboidratos totais, pH e produção cumulativa de gases da polpa cítrica por meio da técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de polpa cítrica (PC); associada ao propilenoglicol (PC+PG); monensina (PC+MO); propilenoglicol e monensina (PC+PG+MO), avaliados com duas, quatro, seis, 12, 24, 48 e 96 horas. A degradabilidade efetiva dos carboidratos totais de PC+PG foi maior em todas as taxas de passagem estudadas. A produção cumulativa de gases e a degradação dos carboidratos totais apresentaram correlação elevada, variando de 92 a 97 por cento (P<0,01). O pH do meio foi inversamente correlacionado ao aumento da degradabilidade dos carboidratos totais (r= -79 por cento, P<0,01). O propilenoglicol promoveu a maior degradabilidade efetiva dos carboidratos totais e pode ser um bom aditivo a ser utilizado em associação com a polpa cítrica.


The effects of propylene glycol and/or monensin on the total carbohydrate degradations, pH, and cumulative gas production of citrus pulp using the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique were evaluated. The treatments were constituted of citrus pulp (CP); CP plus propylene glycol (CP+PG); CP plus monensin (CP+MO), and CP plus propylene glycol and monensin (CP+PG+MO), which were evaluated at two, four, six, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours. The addition of propylene glycol to the citrus pulp resulted in the highest (76.7; 63.9; and 56.5 percent for rates of passage 0.02; 0.05 and 0.08 percent/h, respectively) total carbohydrates degradability. Cumulative gas production and degradation of total carbohydrates were highly correlated (92 to 97 percent, P<0.01). The pH was inversely correlated to degradability of total carbohydrates (r= -0.79, P<0.01). Propylene glycol showed higher effective degradation of total carbohydrate and may be a good additive to be used associated to the citrus pulp.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Food Additives/adverse effects , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Kinetics , Propylene Glycol/adverse effects
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(1): 227-233, fev. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-483280

ABSTRACT

Foram estudados os efeitos da adição de farelo de cacau e de cana-de-açúcar sobre as perdas de silagem de capim-elefante. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo 0 e 15 por cento de farelo de cacau e 0, 15, 30 e 45 por cento de cana-de-açúcar, com quatro repetições, no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. O capim-elefante apresentava 29,2 por cento de matéria seca, e as silagens foram produzidas em silos experimentais de PVC, utilizando-se compactação de 600 kg de silagem/m³. A abertura dos silos ocorreu aos 60 dias após a ensilagem, quando foram determinados o teor de nitrogênio amoniacal e o pH das silagens. O farelo de cacau foi eficaz na redução da umidade e da concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal. Recomenda-se a inclusão de até 22,4 por cento da cana-de-açúcar, cv-IAC86-2480, na ensilagem de capim-elefante com 29 por cento de matéria seca, podendo-se aumentar para 45 por cento, desde que se utilizem 15 por cento de farelo de cacau.


The effects of the addition of cocoa meal and sugarcane in the elephant-grass silage losses were studied. A 2 x 4 factorial scheme was used, being 0 and 15 percent of cocoa meal and 0, 15, 30, and 45 percent of sugarcane, with four repetitions, in a completely randomized design. The elephant-grass showed 29.2 percent of dry matter and the silages were produced in PVC experimental silos, using 600 kg/m³ silage compaction. The silos were opened 60 days after ensilage, when ammonia nitrogen content and pH of the silages were determined. Cocoa meal was effective in the reduction of moisture and ammonia nitrogen concentrations. It is recommended the inclusion of up to 22.4 percent of the sugar-cane, cv-IAC86-2480, in the elephant-grass ensiling with 29 percent of dry matter, which can be increased to 45 percent, since 15 percent of cocoa meal be used.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ammonia , Food Additives/adverse effects , Cacao/adverse effects , Fermentation , Food Storage , Pennisetum , Silage , Saccharum/adverse effects
17.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-510890

ABSTRACT

A avicultura nacional tem sofrido constantes desafios, tendo como objetivo ampliar o mercado consumidor do frango de corte ao redor do mundo. Cada mercado apresenta exigências diferentes, como no caso do mercado europeu que estabelece a exclusão dos antibióticos como promotores de crescimento na alimentação dos frangos. Em função deste fato, realizou-se este estudo, com o objetivo de avaliar o uso dos ácidos lático e butírico, isolados e associados, como aditivos em dietas de frangos de corte, em relação ao promotor de crescimento usualmente utilizado nas dietas dos mesmos. Foram avaliados o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal das aves. Utilizaram-se 1400 pintinhos machos da linhagem comercial Ross, divididos em cinco tratamentos (controle - sem aditivo; com adição de ácido butírico; com adição de ácido lático; com adição de ácido butírico+ ácido láctico; com adição do antibiótico avilamicina, promotor de crescimento tradicionalmente utilizado na criação de frangos de corte. Os resultados de desempenho indicaram que a interação dos ácidos foi significativa na fase inicial, entretanto não ocorreu um efeito aditivo dos ácidos, sendo o uso do ácido butírico mais recomendável durante essa fase. Já na fase de crescimento, a interação foi significativa com um efeito aditivo, recomendando seu uso nas rações de crescimento. Os resultados obtidos nas analises de morfometria intestinal não foram conclusivos. Em termos gerais, requerem-se mais estudos quanto ao uso dos ácidos orgânicos como promotores de crescimento.


During the last years, the national poultry keeping has suffered constant challenges, having as objective to diversify the consuming market of the broiler to around of the world. However, each market presents different requirements, as in the case of the European market that establishes the exclusion of antibiotics as promotional of growth in the feeding of the broilers. Aiming at this problematic one, this study was become fullfilled, with the objective to analyze the results of the association of the butyric and lactic acids as additives in the ration of broilers, in comparison to the results gotten for the usually used promoters of growth in the diets of broilers. They had been evaluated: the animal performance, humoral immunology and intestinal morfometric of the birds. 1400 male chickens of the commercial ancestry Ross had been used, dividing them in five groups with different treatments to that if it relates to the additive use. Being a group it has controlled absent of additive, a group with butyric acid, a group with lactic acid, the fourth group with the association of butyric and lactic acids, and the fifth group with avilamicina (antibiotic) as promotional of traditionally used growth in the production of broilers. The performance results had indicated that the interaction of acid ones was significant in the initial phase, mean while did not occur an additive effect of acid ones, being the use of the butyric acid separately more recommendable during this phase. Already in the growth phase, the interaction was significant with an additive effect, recommending its use in the rations of growth. In accordance with the average headings of antibodies gotten in the study, the interaction was significant in the third sampling and showed a synergic effect of acid ones, being the combination of acids in question a powerful modulator of the humoral immunity. Meanwhile, the results gotten in the analyses of intestinal morfometric had not been conclusive. In general terms, one requires more organic acid studies that confirm the use of as the promotional ones of growth.


Subject(s)
Animals , Butyric Acid/adverse effects , Organic Acids/adverse effects , Food Additives/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Birds , Intestines/anatomy & histology
18.
Medical Journal of Cairo University [The]. 2007; 75 (2): 181-186
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-168666

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted on experimental animals show the effect of different levels [14%, 20% and 30%] of pollen grains of date palm on food intake, feed efficiency, serum lipid profile, serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT], serum urea and createnin. Twenty eight male albino rats sprague Dawley strain weighing [95-110g] ten weeks old. They were divided into 4 groups [7 rats each], the rats of the control group were fed on standard diet, and the other 3 groups were fed standard diet plus 14%, 20% and 30% of pollen grains respectively. Food and water were provided ad-libitam for 4 weeks, at the end of experiment blood sample was taken and organs were removed. Serum was separated and kept at -20C degree until analysis. The result showed that: Weight gain was highly significant in group [2] which received 14% pollen grains when compared to the control group. Higher values of food intake and feed efficiency ratio in group [2] and [3] compared to the control group. Significant decrease of serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol [VLDL-c] in all treatment groups when compared to the control group. Significant decrease of low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] in forth group which received 30% of pollen grains and significant increase of high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] in the same group when compared to control group. Significant decrease in serum glucose were among treatments compared to control group. Significant decrease in AST in group [4]. which received 30% of pollen grains, while there was a significant decrease in ALT in all treatment groups when compared to control group. Finally, there was a significant decrease in serum urea in both group 2 and 3 when compared to control group


Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Food Additives/adverse effects , Weight Gain/physiology , Cholesterol, LDL/adverse effects , Cholesterol, HDL/adverse effects , Rats
19.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Toxicology. 2007; 36: 13-21
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-83708

ABSTRACT

Recently the use of synthetic food additives was increased and the levels of human exposure to such agents are very broad, thus feeding over long periods may continually possess potential hazards to the human health. Also, protection against the adverse biological action of these widely used preservatives deserves a great attention. Therefore the aim of this work was to evaluate the protective role of bees honey against the kidney dysfunctions induced by food additives [sodium nitrite as a food preservative and sunset yellow as a food colorants] in male albino rats. The results of this study revealed that the oral administration of both sodium nitrite [10 mg/Kg body weight] and sunset yellow [0.6% w/w in diet] for 4 weeks induced renal dysfunction as reflected by a significant elevation in serum levels of uric acid, urea and creatinine, which was accompanied with a significant reduction in their urinary levels as well as in creatinine clearance. This results is apparently linked to the presently observed increase in potassium and decrease in sodium and calcium levels in both serum and urine. The study also showed a significant decrease in total protein and albumin levels as well as an increase in renal protein carbonyl content in rats administered both sodium nitrite and sunset yellow. Furthermore, enzymes activity represented in alkaline phosphatase [ALP], gamma-glutamyl transferase [gamma GT] and Na[+]/K[+] ATPase showed marked increase in both ALP and gamma GT and decrease in Na[+]/K[+] ATPase activity, while the number of the nephrons was non-significantly changed after the administration of these food additives. On the other hand, the daily intake of natural bees honey at a dose of 2.5g/Kg body weight resulted in sufficient amelioration against the hazard effects of food additives as indicated by the observed improvement in all tested biochemical parameters of kidney functions. Virtually, strict regulations have been set for the use of synthetic food additives to avoid introducing materials injurious to health


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Male , Food Additives/adverse effects , Kidney Function Tests , Rats
20.
Pediatr. día ; 21(5): 51-52, nov.-dic. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-439424

ABSTRACT

Las reacciones adversa a aditivos es un tema de especial interés en la práctica clínica. Hasta la fecha, no se dispone de estudios de calidad que permitan aportar datos sólidos sobre los efectos de los aditivos a largo plazo. La evidencia actualmente disponible no demuestra, sin embargo, una asociación clara, que justifique el retiro de alguno de los aditivos en uso. La legislación chilena sobre aditivos se basa en los estudios descritos y es acorde con los estándares internacionales actuales. Nuestro rol como médicos, es mantenernos informados al respecto, utilizando evidencia sólida. A la vez, como promotores de la salud, fomentar el consumo familiar de alimentos naturales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Coloring Agents/adverse effects , Food Preservatives/adverse effects , Sweetening Agents/adverse effects , Food Additives/adverse effects
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL